What risk factors for food allergy in young children were identified in this meta-analysis?
Food allergy rates in young children are rising, and identifying who is at risk helps doctors manage care. A major 2025 meta-analysis of nearly 3 million children found that prior allergic conditions, especially eczema, are among the strongest predictors of developing a food allergy 1.
What the research says
The strongest and most certain risk factor identified was having an allergic condition like eczema within the first year of life. This was linked to a 3.88 times higher odds of developing a food allergy compared to children without that history 1.
Other studies suggest that environmental factors may also play a role. For example, differences in gut bacteria and immune coating in infancy between urban and agrarian populations were linked to allergic outcomes, though specific bacterial markers require further study 2.
Sociodemographic factors also influence risk assessment. In children with eczema, Hispanic children were significantly less likely to be evaluated by an allergist for food allergy compared to White or Asian children, which can affect how risks are identified and managed 8.
What to ask your doctor
- Does my child have eczema or other allergic conditions in the first year of life?
- How does my child's skin condition affect their risk for food allergies?
- Are there specific environmental or dietary factors in my home that might increase allergy risk?
- What signs should I watch for that suggest my child might be developing a food allergy?
- How often should we re-evaluate my child's allergy risk as they grow?
This question is drawn from common patient questions about Allergy & Immunology and answered using cited medical research. We do not provide individualized advice.